有人抽搐倒地，清开周围、让他侧躺、看表计时，什么都别往嘴里塞；孩子发烧时抽搐也一样

不花钱。

避免掰嘴、塞硬物造成的牙齿和下颌损伤。避免强行按住造成的骨折。超过 5 分钟不停，是必须叫救护车的红线。孩子发烧时的抽搐叫热性惊厥。英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）说，它多见于 6 个月到 6 岁的孩子。通常抽 2 到 3 分钟，很少超过 10 分钟，一般不会伤到孩子、不留后遗症。NHS 列了几种要打急救电话的情况：头一次抽、抽超过 5 分钟、喘不上气、只有一侧身子抽。还有停了以后比平时困超过 1 小时，以及 24 小时内抽不止一次。美国儿科学会 2011 年指南说，6 到 60 个月的孩子单纯热性惊厥，一般不用再做脑电图、抽血或脑部影像。医生主要找发烧的原因。英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）还提醒，别靠脱衣服、拿冷水擦身给孩子降温

B　有研究支持，但说不出确切数字；或只有小样本、单项研究

美国疾病控制与预防中心. 癫痫发作急救：「Don't hold the person down or stop their movements」「Don't put anything in their mouth. This can hurt their teeth or jaw」「Don't offer water or food until they are fully alert」「Time the seizure to track if it lasts more than 5 minutes. If it does, seek immediate medical attention or call 911」. cdc.gov/epilepsy/first-aid-for-seizures/i… ; NHS. Febrile seizures：「it's unlikely to harm your child or cause long-term effects」「Febrile seizures usually last for 2 to 3 minutes. It's rare for them to last more than 10 minutes」「They usually affect children between 6 months and 6 years old」「has a seizure for the first time」「has a seizure that lasts more than 5 minutes」「is more sleepy than usual for more than 1 hour after the seizure stops」「protect their head with your hands or something soft」「do not move your child or try to hold them in place」「do not try to lower your child's temperature by undressing them or sponging them with cold water」「Do not take your child to A&E if they are still having a seizure or are unconscious, call 999 instead」「your child will need to be checked in hospital after having a febrile seizure for the first time」. nhs.uk/conditions/febrile-seizures ; Subcommittee on Febrile Seizures, American Academy of Pediatrics (2011). Neurodiagnostic evaluation of the child with a simple febrile seizure. Pediatrics, 127(2), 389-394：「In general, a simple febrile seizure does not usually require further evaluation, specifically electroencephalography, blood studies, or neuroimaging」. doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-3318

同一页还列了另外几种要立刻叫救护车的情况。比如一次结束后很快又发作，发作后叫不醒或者呼吸困难，发作中受了伤，在水里发作，或者这是第一次发作。发作停了让他侧躺、嘴朝下，等人完全清醒再给水。家里有癫痫病人的，这套动作最用得上。孩子发烧抽搐时，NHS 还说别把孩子挪来挪去、别按住，可以用手或软东西护住头。孩子还在抽或者叫不醒，别自己抱去医院，直接打 120。第一次热性惊厥，抽完也要去医院查一次。对陌生人做同样的动作，好处回到你身上的机会小一些。但自愿救人弄出的损害，你不担民事责任（民法典第一百八十四条，见本节第 2 条，别急着把人扶起来）。