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备注
给 B 是因为原文给的是推荐力度的评级,不是能换算成数字的效果。它还是美国的推荐,国内没有对应的官方筛查建议。筛查结果是阳性,只说明要再做一次评估,不等于确诊。有自杀念头时的处置见第 1 节第 25 条。家里的应对见第 29 节。
国内一项调查覆盖 7 个省 506 所中学,共 150822 名初一到高三的学生。过去一年试过自杀的,男生里只喜欢异性的是 2.2%,只喜欢同性的是 6.9%,两性都喜欢的是 12.2%。女生对应是 3.1%、8.9%、10.9%。算下来约是只喜欢异性的同学的 3 到 5.5 倍。研究者扣除了年龄、学业压力、家庭经济、被欺凌这些因素。扣除之后,男生这两组的 OR 是 3.13(95% CI 2.28–4.28)和 3.83(2.85–5.14),高约两到三倍。一篇汇总 35 项研究的荟萃分析算出,性少数青少年试过自杀的 OR 3.50(2.98–4.12)。美国一项研究访问了 224 名 21 到 25 岁的同性恋和双性恋青年,请他们回忆青春期时家里的反应。和家里几乎不排斥的同龄人比,家里排斥程度高的试过自杀的 OR 是 8.4。另一项研究里,父母自己试图改变孩子性取向的,孩子试过自杀的 OR 3.08(1.39–6.83)。父母还把孩子送去找治疗师或宗教人士的,是 5.07(2.38–10.79)(中国 / 多国 / 美国)
原始出处
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给 C 是因为只有个案,没有这类学校出事多少的统计。合肥那起只有媒体报道,报道引用了一审判决书和二审裁定书,法院官网上没找到判决原文。豫章书院那起是新华社报道的法院宣判。孩子爱打游戏,先按本节第 14 条(孩子爱打游戏)看睡觉、作业和出门活动有没有被挤掉。成绩、睡觉、家里关系一起垮了,劝也停不下来,带孩子去精神科或儿童心理科,由医生诊断再治。已经送进去的,把孩子接回来。孩子说被关、被打,报警。受益人是孩子。
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按作者的经验,去办之前先问清三件事:要开什么医疗证明,休学这段时间学籍在系统里怎么记,复学是回原来的年级还是降一级。给 B 是因为休学要什么条件、交什么材料、复学怎么接上,都由省级教育部门自己定,全国层面只搭了个框架。《未成年人学校保护规定》第十二条还要求义务教育学校健全辍学、休学和长期请假学生的报告备案制度。所以休学是学校办过的事,不是给你一个人开特例。
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备注
给 A 是因为有 Cochrane 和多项抽签试验合并出来的数字。试验里的课有几个共同点。带课的人教具体做法,比如陪孩子玩、夸奖、奖励和管教。家长在课上练习、演练,回家还有作业。只发资料或者只讨论的课被排除在外,所以证据管不到只听一场讲座的那种。国内公益家长学校讲什么、怎么讲,各地不一样,未必是这一类。挑课时看它是不是连上几周、让你练具体做法。两篇荟萃收进的试验里,常见的课名有 Triple P、Incredible Years。本书不推荐具体机构和收费产品。打骂少了的效果一两年后变小,课上完还得接着练。受益人是孩子,也是你自己。孩子已经有严重的情绪问题,带去精神科或儿童心理科,见本节第 8 条(抑郁筛查)。